Misogyny is a term from ancient Greece to conceptualize the harmful relationships that occur between men and women. Nowadays, with more and more discussions about minority rights and guarantees, there is also a need for new concepts, which arise in order to explain the origin that certain people receive.

In this article, we will look at the differentiation between concepts of misogyny, sexism, and machismo. We will also look at a psychoanalytic view on misogyny.

The importance of understanding what misogyny is

Society has always had the capacity to stimulate the behavior of the population. And it uses this in many ways, mainly to control. There is constant manipulation to create a character and bring him/her into social life. Stimulating appropriate behaviors for men and women .

Required:

• of man: a potential for virility;
• of the woman: subservience.

When the individual, especially the woman, does not meet these expectations, violence begins, be it jokes with the intention to offend, abuse, rape and can lead to feminicide .

Because of the misogynistic background we have, it is often difficult to identify attitudes of the most harmful to the slightest caused to the female .

We are talking only about:

• physical violence,
• psychological and
• other forms of violence, such as material, social, political, property.

In this way it is not difficult to see not only men, but also many women reproducing oppressive arguments, acts and expressions with other women almost unconsciously.

Often as a form of defense, woman attacks another woman Many times, the woman assumes apparent tranquility as a form of survival, which should not be understood as acceptance in situations that hurt her dignity, but as a defense mechanism.

In Brazil, unfortunately, the data are increasingly alarming, and women's lives are becoming an essential issue.

Misogyny x machismo x sexism: what is the difference?

Although the three concepts are interconnected and are the reason for recurrent violence against women, are different forms of violence .

• A misogyny is a feeling of hatred for women This is shown in chauvinistic practices, in which a man's opinions and attitudes have the sole purpose of offending, diminishing, denigrating women.
• Misogyny is a basis for understanding how misogyny works. machismo : the man feels superior, better, above the woman in every way.
• Already the sexism can be defined by discriminatory attitudes and sexual objectification that seek to determine what role each gender should perform, limiting the way they speak, walk, and dress.

Misogyny in Psychoanalysis?

We can say that hysterics initiate foundation of Psychoanalysis for more than a century.

Currently the hysteria is understood within Psychoanalysis as one among other ways in which the subject has to deal with lack, a feeling that determines the human condition, no matter what gender the individual is.

But we know that Sigmund Freud's concept was not always like this. Around the 19th century, only "hysterical" women were looked at no longer just as "crazy" without a cure who should live in straitjackets, but rather as individuals who could achieve healing or control of their afflictions.

For science, hysteria became a great mystery that, to maintain the standard bourgeoisie of the time, needed to be unraveled.

The psychoanalyst Maria Rita Kehl explained in his book Displacements of the feminine than at that particular time, hysteria appears as a kind of salvation for many women who could no longer bear to live a period of servitude, reproduction, care, of giving up their desires and impulses in the name of bourgeois society.

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These women developed phobias, constipation, chronic pain All as a result of this control that they had to do all the time of their real feelings.

By being excluded from public life, leaving only the care of the home and children, these women could not remain imprisoned, forgotten, and cried out. Good!

The studies on hysteria by Charcot, Breuer and Freud

The French Doctor Jean-Martin Charcot was the one who began to study and listen to hysterical women, mainly interested in healing through hypnosis At this point he also meets "hysterical" men.

After Charcot comes Sigmund Freud Years later, Freud would develop one of his best known theories, the Oedipus Complex. Freud set out to listen to the desire of these women, he did not give them a voice, they were already screaming, it is worth pointing out.

Freud studied for many years a theory about hysteria being caused in women, even due to sexual traumas suffered in childhood. But he gave up after many years of his theory. Freud leaves the message that abuse always leaves marks, but that each individual will react and be marked differently Freud says that the subject is not defined by the trauma, but marked by it.

To avoid a misunderstanding about what Psychoanalysis is, it is important that this subject is always in public debates, with lay people and scholars, whether to study, clarify or demystify concepts.

There are many different psychoanalysts, many readings and subsequent adjustments to the original texts and books. It is not a closed subject, for the world is constantly changing. Psychoanalysis is not a book of fixed and rigid rules and concepts, which cannot be modified and adjusted, on the contrary.

For the benefit of the patient and the treatment, it is necessary for us to be studying and updating ourselves about this and all the global issues. Speaking of Brazil, we are the country that kills the most women in the world A psychoanalyst needs to be prepared, attentive, and have the sensibility to understand the fear of a reality experienced by a Brazilian woman, for example.

So, I believe that it is up to us (new and current psychoanalysts) to produce new forms of organization so that psychoanalysis can continue to contribute to men and women being able to better understand their existence in this life.

This article about misogyny, its differentiation with machismo and sexism and its context in psychoanalysis was written by Pamella Gualter I love discovering and understanding how the human mind works, so that, together with the individual, we can reach a balance between what we are and what we need to be in order to live in society, always avoiding annulling our real desires.