In general terms, it is said that implicit is an indirect information We are going to analyze what is implicit, the meaning of the term, and the difference with its antonym. To do this, it is important to know the concepts from the dictionary's point of view and from that of psychology.

Difference between explicit and implicit

We live in times when oppositions have gained space in the social media, and divergences grow, marked with disrespect, explicit exchanges of hostile words and/or implicit ironies to the ideas of others.

We observe, on the other hand, those who invoke common sense, that everyone can have opinions that differ, but that disrespect, violence in an attempt to silence the different, breaks the social contract of coexistence and the possibility of dialogue, a characteristic of a State of Law, in which we historically find ourselves.

In this scenario, I highlight the words explicit and implicit to reflect on two biases, that of dictionary meaning and that of meaning given in psychology.

Dictionary meaning

When looking up the meanings in the dictionary, we find that the words explicit and implicit, both belong to the grammatical class Adjective, therefore qualifying what is taken as rank .

Etymologically, both also come from Latin:

• Explicit : "explicitus, a, um", with the sense of explained.
• Implicit : "implicitus, a, one" with the sense of entangled, intertwined.

Therefore, it is explicit when what is said is what was meant, and implicit when it is said without saying but that in context it is possible to understand what underlies it, what is "between the lines .

We still find the words as antonyms, on opposite sides, in explicitness the transparency and in implicitness the veiled. If we think what explicit knowledge would be, in this semantic context, it would be ipsis litteris knowledge, just as it is written, explained.

A implicit knowledge would be a contextual knowledge, which would depend on culture.

Meaning of Implicit and Explicit in Psychology

Psychology, on the other hand, has for some time been concerned with breaking down divergences that reduce man's knowledge of himself, his social relations, with built objects, and with the environment.

We find in the work of DIENES and PERNER (1999) that

"Reconciling divergences means conceiving human learning not only as a process of change resulting from experience, but as acquisition of knowledge, by both implicit and explicit processes."

Thus, explicit and implicit are learning processes that do not oppose or exclude each other but that allow differentiated perceptions that do not restrict in behavioral changes, but amplify in changes of processes and representations.

Also according to the studies of the aforementioned authors, the implicit processes are of the order of behavioral changes and their mechanism is in the association The explicit processes refer to changes in processes and representations, changes that take place through restructuring.

Association in the creation of implicit and explicit content

In the studies about evolution of the human mind we understand that behavioral changes originate in the ability to associate, competence in detecting regularities - discriminating differences and generalizing similarities, as well as pre-associative mechanisms such as orientation reaction and habituation.

The question is, once the association is made, an implicit knowledge is obtained, the regularities and irregularities about such an object, its functioning and its possibilities are understood, what can be done to express it, how to explain it, how to represent it?

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Thus, with consciousness as intentionality process processes of explicitness - restructuring are necessary.

Restructuring the Explanation

In his studies, Kermillof (1994) proposes that explicitness occurs through 3 levels:

Representational Suppression

One suppresses or ignores the contribution of a stimulus. A our perception makes it impossible to see two objects at the same time as, for example, two overlapping figures or two antagonistic ideas, controlling the explicitness, one can alternate the dimensions, as in this last example, sometimes understanding the arguments of one and sometimes those of the other, thus being able to restructure and make both explicit.

Suspension of the Representational

The inhibited representation is replaced by other function or signifier When we watch a soap opera, actors and actresses represent characters of a narrative plot, outside the set of the filming actor or actress being confused with the character, would cause strangeness to the existing conscience in the action. Actor/Personage is a symbolic transformation.

Representational Redescription

It is the most, according to the author, impenetrable, because "making explicit involves not only the object of representation, but the theory about it and the perspective that guides it, the agent and his pragmatic or epistemic attitude," pg.124. That is, understanding that every reality is a possible reality within a set of possible world perspectives.

It is the great differentiator of our species compared to others - constitute representations of representations .

For example: when we make a promise to someone, we construct a virtual reality that differs from the existing reality of that moment. Between the space of the actual reality and the possible consummation of the virtual reality, there are spaces of transformation of a state or more.

It is observed that the explicitness is only understood with the tooling possibilities of culture .

Thus, for psychology, the convergence of the evolution of the mind, processes of implicitness (association) and culture together with the mechanisms of explicitness (restructuring) is that they can conceive of non-discontinuous human learning.

In conclusion: meaning of implicit and explicit

Reflecting on the differences between the areas and their objects and objectives of study, we see that Explicit and Implicit Whether as vocabulary belonging to the lexicography of a language with its grammatical, etymological, and usage meaning descriptions are not so far from the use of psychology, what undoubtedly differentiates them is the systematization of the construction processes - the processes that involve each of the concepts, from the perspective of learning.

I emphasize in this reflection that the oppositions brought up in the beginning of the text are part of social experiences; it is the violence and the attempt to erase the different that impoverish our history.

Individual and collective narrative constructions help us not to experience discontinuous fragments of ourselves and our surroundings. Converge and Divergent They are legitimate movements, just don't eliminate each other so as not to restrict when we want to expand.

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Bibliographic references

Dienes, Z., & Perner, D. (1999). A theory of implicit and explicit knowledge. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 735-808. Leme, M. I. S. (2004).

Educação: O rompimento possível do círculo vioso da violência. In M. R. Maluf (Org.) Psicologia Educacional. Questões contemporâneas. São Paulo: Casa do Psicólogo. Karmillof-Smith, A. (1994).

Précis on beyond modularity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences,17, 693-743 In: Leme, M. I. S. (2008).

Reconciling divergences: implicit and explicit knowledge in learning. Michaelis. Modern dictionary of the Portuguese language. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1998. Michaelis Dictionaries, 2259 p.

This content about what is implicit, explicit, and the difference between these concepts was written by Sandra Mitherhofer (She holds a bachelor's degree in Portuguese Language and Literature from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (1986) and a master's degree in Portuguese Language from the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (2003).Participant in the Institution's own Evaluation Commission. Bachelor in Accounting Sciences from Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul/São Paulo (2016). Works in the disciplines of Accounting and Cost Analysis, Auditing, Cost Expertise and Engineering, Research Methodology, among others. Responsible for the Accounting Workshop - "Oficina Contábil - São Paulo".Currently, he is studying Psychoanalysis.